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<p style="color: #fff;">And it's not only by working directly on the environment that we can protect nature, we must also change our lifestyles, change our consumption habits... This is doable by everyone!</p>
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<p style="color: #fff;">It's clear that we all need to make serious efforts, but when it comes to climate change, I know there are different approaches though I can't tell the difference between them…
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<h3 style="color: #2a2a2a;"><span class="fa fa-pencil-square" aria-hidden="true"></span> Adaptation versus mitigation</h3>
<p>The fundamental difference between adaptation and mitigation resides in their approach and their goals vis-à-vis climate change:</p>
<p><strong>Adaptation:</strong> focuses on adjustment of societies and ecosystems to the inevitable effects of climate change. This involves adapting to already observed or predicted impacts such as rise of sea levels, more frequent droughts, more intense storms etc. Adaptation actions aim at reducing the vulnerability of populations, infrastructures and ecosystems facing the negative effects of climate change.</p>
<p><strong>Mitigation:</strong> mitigation aims at reducing or limiting greenhouse gases to slow down or reverse climate change. This involves offsetting the underlying causes of climate change by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. Mitigation actions focus on tackling the root causes of climate change such as burning fossil fuels, deforestations, intensive farming etc.</p>
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<p style="color: #fff;">Sometimes, when we can't keep our actions from having negative effects on climate, we can act elsewhere to mitigate effects, right?
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<p style="color: #fff;">Exactly Paul, this enables the creation of an economic market where rights to pollute are traded, it's called carbon credits.
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<h3 style="color: #2a2a2a;"><span class="fa fa-pencil-square" aria-hidden="true"></span> How to measure carbon credits?</h3>
<p>Carbon credits are measured according to the quantity of greenhouse gases released in the atmosphere, and offset by carbon reduction or sequestration. There are different ways to measure this:</p>
<ul style="list-style: none;">
<li><strong>Making an inventory of a given activity's emissions:</strong> we assess the greenhouse gas emissions by measuring the quantity of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) etc.</li>
<li><strong>Analyse a product's lifecycle:</strong> we assess the greenhouse as emissions throughout a product or service's lifetime, from the extraction of raw materials to final elimination.</li>
<li><strong>Following international norms and protocol:</strong> there are recognised norms and standards to measure greenhouse gas emissions such as te Kyoto Protocol, and the Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS).</li>
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<p style="border-left: solid #222; color: #222; text-align: justify; background-color: #ebfaf5; padding: 20px 30px 20px 30px;"><span class="fa fa-bullhorn" aria-hidden="true" style="color: #222;"> </span>To generate carbon credits, projects to reduce emissions must be assessed to determine how many GHG emissions they reduce compared to a baseline scenario. They are usually verified by independent third parties to ensure their integrity and compliance with established standards. Once emissions have been measured and reductions calculated, carbon credits are generally issued based on the number of metric tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (tCO<sub>2</sub>) avoided or reduced. These credits can then be traded on carbon markets or used to offset emissions as part of carbon neutrality programmes.</p>
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<h3 style="color: #2a2a2a;"><span class="fa fa-pencil-square" aria-hidden="true"> </span> Polluter pays principle </h3>
<p>This term refers to the principle according to which individuals, companies or entities responsible for polluting or environmental damages must support the costs associated with prevention, management or damage reparation. This principle aims at <strong>internalising environmental costs in economic activities</strong>, thereby inciting better resource management and reducing pollution. In practice, this can be translated by taxes, fines or other financial mechanisms that will hold polluters accountable and encourage more sustainable practices that respect the environment</p></div>
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<p style="color: #fff;">So basically, it means no longer release carbon into the atmosphere... but nature itself releases so much of it...
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<p style="color: #fff;">Thankfully, there are scientists who help us measure climate change and explain what's really going on.
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